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The Rise of Gyges and the Lydian Kingdom
When Gyges became king of Lydia, he acted quickly to show his power. Soon after taking the throne, he attacked the important Greek cities...
The Death of King Candaules
When night came, everything was ready for the attack. Gyges knew that there was no way back. He understood that he must either kill...
Gyges Has No Way to Escape
Gyges now found himself trapped. He did not agree with the king’s command, but he could not escape it. He feared the power of...
King Candaules and His Pride
Candaules was the king of Lydia, and he was deeply in love with his wife. He believed that she was the most beautiful woman...
The Death of King Boris and German Control
King Boris Seeks a Way Out
Toward the later years of World War II, King Boris III of Bulgaria secretly began negotiating with his father-in-law,...
World War II and Bulgaria
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Discussions
In November 1940, the foreign ministers of the Soviet Union and Germany, Vyacheslav Molotov and Joachim von Ribbentrop, met in Berlin. Molotov...
King Boris and the Central European Powers
Political Instability and Stambolisky’s Role
During the reign of King Boris III, Bulgaria experienced a period of political instability. Different prime ministers came to power,...
Russo-Turkish War and the Treaty of San Stefano
The failure of the European powers to enforce the agreements of earlier conferences led Russia to declare war on the Ottoman Empire in 1877,...
Bulgarian Church Independence
During the 19th century, the Bulgarian national revival gained strength, especially in religion and culture. Bulgarians requested an independent national church because the Greek...
The Turkish Yoke
After the fall of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom in 1393, Bulgaria came under Ottoman Turkish rule, which lasted nearly five centuries. The Ottoman Sultan,...
