After Alexander The Wars of the Diadochi
Alexander seemingly didn’t plan for his empire’s survival without him. On his deathbed, when asked about his successor, he simply said, “the strongest.” This...
The Final March and the Legacy of Alexander
If Alexander’s soldiers believed the war had concluded, they were mistaken. Darius, still evading capture, hid in Ecbatana. In the spring of 330 B.C.,...
Gaugamela Triumph and the Persian Conquest
The pivotal clash that reshaped history unfolded on October 1, 331 B.C., at the Battle of Gaugamela. Employing a strategic masterpiece, Alexander leveraged the...
Alexander’s Conquests From Diplomacy to Gaugamela
As Alexander confronted the resilient city of Tyre, Darius extended a remarkable peace offer through an envoy. Darius proposed peace, the safe return of...
Alexander’s Conquests From the Gordian Knot to Tyre’s Fall
Following his triumph in Ionia, Alexander embarked on a remarkable journey through Caria, where a local queen embraced him as an honorary son. The...
Alexander the Great Conquest and Challenges
Alexander the Great’s conquests were marked by strategic brilliance and audacity. After his father Philip of Macedon secured Greece, the stage was set for...
After a decade as emperor
After a decade as emperor, with doctrinal disputes put to rest, Theodosius felt he was in a position to crack down. In 391, he...
Son of Constantius
That last Galerian persecution backfired completely. The young general Constantine (son of Constantius, who had ruled Britain for Diocletian and himself briefly succeeded to...
Stiff-necked qualities of Judaism
The latter quality derived from the more stiff-necked qualities of Judaism. Judaism takes its name from a place, Judaea, and the ancient word for...
The Human Factor in Architecture
The Human Factor in Architecture
Another majestic building of the city is the Fountain. İt is an interesting case that the Caunians had never and...
